loverspets

Osteoarthritis in dogs is a painful, progressive condition that results in deterioration of the joints. It develops most often due to underlying joint abnormalities, joint injury or normal aging. Symptoms of osteoarthritis in dogs include reduced range of motion, limpingstiffness, joint swelling, and pain. Inflammation plays a key role in this disease, therefore non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as Galliprantare widely used for treatment.

Let’s discuss the role of inflammation in canine osteoarthritis (also known as OA or simply arthritis), as well as medications to combat pain and inflammation in affected dogs.

Osteoarthritis in Dogs: What Role Does Inflammation Play?

Normal wear and tear on the joints causes a dog’s body to release certain enzymes that break down cartilage. Cartilage is a type of connective tissue that protects the bones. As this cartilage wears down over time, the bones begin to rub against each other. This friction leads to joint changes, such as the development of bone spurs, as well as significant pain and inflammation. Fluid builds up inside the joint, causing visible swelling. Inflammatory cells and other proteins are released to further damage the joint. Unfortunately, once the cartilage is broken, it is difficult to repair. Therefore, osteoarthritis in dogs continues to progress in severity without proper treatment.

So how important is inflammation in this process? Although osteoarthritis in dogs is a degenerative disease, inflammation is believed to be a critical component. Inflammation has long been considered a symptom of osteoarthritis rather than a cause. However, once inflammation is present within the joint, degeneration progresses rapidly. This has led to continued research into whether inflammation plays a more prominent role in osteoarthritis than previously thought.

Studies have shown that the fluid inside the joints (synovial fluid) of dogs with osteoarthritis has significantly increased levels of several types of proteins called. cytokines. The body makes cytokines in response to inflammation. These cytokines are considered pro-inflammatory, and they activate the dog’s immune system to produce more inflammatory cells. This results in further damage within the joints and progression of osteoarthritis. In turn, dogs with arthritis experience more pain and reduced range of motion in their affected limbs (1,2,3).

Similarly, prostaglandins is a type of lipid produced in response to inflammation. When high levels of prostaglandins are found in joints, the lining of the joint (synovium) becomes inflamed in a process known as synovitis. As a result, the cartilage breaks down, causing pain. This, in turn, leads to more prostaglandin production. The affected joint is essentially stuck in a vicious cycle of inflammation and progressive deterioration (4).

Although these studies suggest that osteoarthritis may indeed be an inflammatory disease, research is still ongoing to study the exact role played by inflammation and the various immune cells that are involved in osteoarthritis and its progression in dogs.

Treatment of Osteoarthritis in Dogs: Controlling Pain and Inflammation

Controlling both pain and inflammation is the primary goal of osteoarthritis in dog treatment. Treating pain relieves discomfort for dogs, while treating inflammation slows the progression of the disease. Some medications to treat osteoarthritis in dogs just mask pain and don’t target inflammation at the source. Unfortunately, this form of treatment does nothing to prevent or slow down permanent damage to the joints.

NSAIDs are the first-line canine arthritis medicine because they target inflammation while controlling pain. Most NSAIDs work by blocking enzymes that produce prostaglandins. By preventing prostaglandin production within joints, pain and inflammation are reduced.

However, a unique NSAID known as Galliprant actually controls pain and inflammation in dogs with osteoarthritis by targeting one specific prostaglandin receptor (rather than the enzyme as other NSAIDs do). Galliprant effectively targets inflammation directly at the source and slows progression of joint damage while minimizing negative effects on the dog’s body. It is widely used among veterinarians and well tolerated among most dogs.

Although osteoarthritis in dogs is painful and a progressive condition, controlling inflammation has great positive effects on a dog’s comfort and also slows down the progression of the disease. Starting treatment early provides the best opportunity to promote joint health and mobility. If your dog has been diagnosed with osteoarthritis, carefully follow your veterinarian’s instructions for using prescription medications for the best prognosis.

References

1. Carter, SD et al. “Canine rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory cytokines.” Veterinary immunology and immunopathology vol. 69,2-4 (1999): 201-14. doi:10.1016/s0165-2427(99)00054-9
2. by Bakker, E et al. “Detection of osteoarthritis in dogs by metabolic, pro-inflammatory and degenerative synovial fluid biomarkers and traditional radiographic screening: A pilot study.” Veterinary immunology and immunopathology vol. 237 (2021): 110252. doi:10.1016/j.vetemm.2021.110252
3. Alves, JC et al. “The influence of IL-1 and C-reactive protein levels in synovial fluid of companion dogs with bilateral hip osteoarthritis on various clinical disease parameters.” American Journal of Veterinary Research vol. 83,11 1-10. 13 September 2022, doi:10.2460/ajvr.22.05.0079
4. Yang, Dinglong et al. “Reviewing prostaglandin E2: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Osteoarthritis.” Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) vol. 260 (2024): 109904. doi:10.1016/j.clim.2024.109904

Your cat purrs when they’re happy and meows when they’re hungry, right? Not necessarily. A new study suggests that cat parents may not be as attuned to their feline companion’s vocal cues as they thought (1).

In particular, humans have a harder time interpreting signals that a cat is unhappy than they do recognizing that a cat is content. In fact, nearly a third of the study’s participants incorrectly identified that a cat was unhappy, while 90 percent of participants could tell when a cat was happy.

For the study, 630 participants watched 24 cat videos that showed cats in different emotional or behavioral states. Categories included cats that were satisfied, displeased, seeking food or attention, or in hunting mode. The clips were presented as images only, song only, and then with a combination of both. People who listened only to the cat’s vocal cues made the most mistakes, followed by the picture-only group. Those who paid attention to both vocal and visual cues scored the highest in being able to identify a cat’s mood.

So what does this mean for cat parents? When it comes to reading a cat’s emotional state, your best bet is to listen and watch their behavior at the same time.

Why are cats so hard to read?

“Cats communicate subtly – to most of us humans anyway, they seem to be subtle communicators,” says Marilyn Kriegercertified cat behavior consultant and author of Bad Guy No More! That way, she says, it’s easy to miss or misinterpret a movement or brief change of an ear, eye, tail or other body parts.

“In addition to being subtle, cat communications are complex, combining other signals from ears, eyes, tails, calls, body position and movements,” Krieger adds. And a cat signal can mean completely different things, depending on the context. Purring is a great example of this, she says, noting that cats purr when they’re happy, but they sometimes purr when they’re very sick.

Many people also interpret communication signals based on their own human experiences. “They anthropomorphize—attributing human characteristics to cat behaviors and communication signals,” says Krieger. An example of this is saying that a cat is mad at its owner when they pee on the bed. There are many reasons why cats might urinate on beds, says Krieger, and being angry with their humans is not one of them.

Some people also misinterpret signals, basing their interpretations on cues from other species. Tail wagging is a good example. “When dogs wag their tails exuberantly, they’re happy to see their people,” says Krieger. “When cats wag their tails quickly, they don’t want to be approached.”

Unfortunately, signs of illness in cats are often missed and can sometimes be misinterpreted. “Cats have evolved subtle communication signals — it helps them survive in the wild,” says Krieger. “Community cats and small feral cats, although predators, are also prey for larger predators. It is important that these cats do not show that they are sick, weak or injured.”

How can we better understand our cats?

Try not to attribute human characteristics to cat behavior or jump to conclusions about what a cat is communicating based on your own experiences with another species, Krieger recommends. It is also important to look at context, both before and during the communication.

Krieger also suggests asking yourself what is happening in the environment? Be aware of anything stressful or surprising that happened, such as another animal or a loud noise. Are there other people around or are you alone with the cat?

“It also helps to understand what their cats are communicating by looking at all the communication signals,” Krieger adds, “no matter how subtle.”

Reference

1. Charlotte de Mouzon, Romain Di-Stasi, Gérard Leboucher. Human perception of cats’ communicative cues: human-cat communication becomes multimodal. Applied Animal Behavior Science, Volume 270, 2024, 106137, ISSN 0168-1591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2023.106137.

Summer is the perfect time to catch some rays (and enjoy summer fun) with your favorite dog. Whether you’re planning an exotic vacation or just chilling closer to home, you’ll need to prepare your pup to keep them safe and comfortable all summer long.

Here are our top tips to help you prepare for warm weather adventures and summer fun for you and your dog!

Before you hit the trails or head to the beach, it’s important to make sure your dog is ready (and protected) for fun in the sun. Here are eight tips to help you and your pup make the most of your summer together.

So, grab your leash, pack some treats and get ready for a season of unforgettable experiences with your four-legged friend!

1. Schedule a summer safety checkup with your vet

Wherever your summer adventures take you, your vet’s office should be the first stop on your itinerary. Making sure your dog is in good health before you embark on any warm weather excursions or endeavors can help provide peace of mind. In addition, if you travel, embark or contact new ones wildlife, pestsor diseases, you will need the appropriate protection and documentation.

That may sound complex, but it’s much simpler when you sign up for a free GreatPetCare account. Log in to access your dog’s important health records, vaccination information and prescription medications wherever you are. You can even set up medication reminders and automatic deliveries so you never miss a dose, no matter how busy your summer is.

2. Prepare for outdoor adventures

Before heading abroad, equip your dog with the necessary gear and protection so they can enjoy safe summer fun and adventures.

This includes broad spectrum parasite protection to protect against anyone fleas, ticks, mosquitoesor intestinal worms your dog can meet. remember, parasites vary by regionso be sure to research your summer destinations and check with your vet to make sure your dog is taking the proper preventative medication.

More time outside means more opportunities for your pet to get lost. Always make sure your dog is microchipped and wearing a collar with up-to-date identification tags. A well-fitting harness and leash are key to control, especially in busy or unfamiliar environments. And don’t forget to pack a portable water and food bowl to keep your pup hydrated and energized on your outdoor excursions!

3. Increase training bases

Speaking of control, if your summer plans involve large crowds or potentially stressful situations, it’s a good idea to think about it. training commands before Practice basic obedience commands like sit, stay and recall in different environments to reinforce good behavior. This will create a safer and more enjoyable experience for you and your dog, whether you’re paddling on the lake or exploring a crowded one. dog park.

4. Keep cool to beat summer heat hazards

Rising temperatures can seriously damage your dog’s health. Even everyday activities could increase your dog’s risk of developing conditions from heat rash to heat.

To protect your pup, here are some summer tactics to help beat the heat:

• UK-based vet Dr. Alex Crow, MRCVwarns against strenuous activities that could cause a dog to overheat during warmer summer months. “Border exercise to early morning or evening hours and provide plenty of water breaks to prevent dehydration,” Dr. Crow recommends.
• Dogs naturally a shed more in summer to regulate its body temperature. Invest in a detangling brush and keep your pup well groomed to help them stay cool and comfortable.
• Hot weather can also aggravate skin problems, so consider a soothing shampoo formulated to soothe irritated skin.
• Make sure your dog has access to a cool shady spot and fresh water whenever they are outside. Consider freezing treats like yogurt or peanut butter in ice cube trays for a refreshing snack on hot days.
• Finally, don’t forget that paved surfaces can retain enough heat for burn your dog’s paws severely As a general rule, if a surface is too hot for you to touch for 10 seconds, it is too hot for your dog to walk on.

5. Swim and splash safely

Soaking with your dog can be a great way to stay cool in the summer. But whether you’re at the lake, the beach or in your own pool, always prioritize water safety. Invest in proper safety gear for your pup, such as a life jacket designed specifically for dogs, especially if your pup isn’t a confident swimmer. And never leave your dog unattended in the water – no matter how strong a swimmer they are.

Drowning is not the only health hazard to watch out for in the water. Did you know dog ear infections peak during summer months? Swimming often leads to excess moisture in the ear canal, which creates the perfect conditions for a bacterial or fungal ear infection. If your dog loves to splash or swim, be sure to clean their ears regularly with a vet-approved ear cleaning solution. And if you suspect your dog may have an ear infection, schedule an appointment with your veterinarian for proper diagnosis and treatment.

6. Be aware of seasonal changes in appetite and digestion

Summer heat can affect your dog’s appetite, leading to changes in eating habits that could affect their health. Some dogs may eat less because of the heat. Other dogs may be tempted to overindulge or eat things that could be dangerous for them, especially at cookouts or picnics.

Monitor your dog’s eating habits to ensure they are getting the proper nutrition all summer long.

• If your dog won’t eat, you may want to offer lighter, easily digestible meals during the summer months. If a change in diet doesn’t work, ask your vet if an appetite stimulant might help.
• If your dog grabs something tasty from the picnic table or garbage can and it sets off a bout of digestive upset, ask your vet if a probiotic supplement might help get his digestive system back on track.
• Finally, remember keep your dog food dry in a cool, dry place like your pantry, rather than somewhere like your garage – especially in the summer. According to the Food and Drug Administrationtemperatures above 80 degrees F can cause the nutrients in dry dog ​​food to break down and degrade.

7. Prepare a summer emergency kit

Whether you’re embarking on an outdoor adventure or staying close to home, having access to a well-stocked first aid kit is a must for any dog ​​parent. Before you head out for some summer fun, stock up on first aid essentials like gauze, duct tape, antiseptic wipes, tweezers and pain medications.

While you’re at it, don’t forget to set yours GreatPetCare account to keep emergency contact numbers for your veterinarian and local animal hospital easily accessible.

8. Summer can be stressful! Keep your puppy cool and calm

If you have a puppy that is prone to anxiety, summer time can be very stressful. From beach crowds, to air travel, to fireworks, there are many things that could turn your dog off.

But, with a little planning, you can help ease your dog’s nerves with some soothing solutions to ensure a peaceful summer for you and your pup. Ask your vet if over-the-counter options would be suitable, such as calming chews containing chamomile or melatonin. Or, if your dog’s anxiety is extreme, your vet may prescribe an anti-anxiety medication with short- or long-term calming effects.

Summer is a great time to get our dogs involved in fun activities like hiking, swimming and agility training. It’s a great opportunity for you and your pup to have a summer filled with unforgettable experiences and cherished memories. Preparing for summer fun helps create a more enjoyable experience, and a GreatPetCare account can help keep you on track. Enjoy the sunshine, stay safe, and make the most of your summer together!

When those perfect summer days arrive, many of us start dreaming of escaping the ordinary to enjoy some fun in the sun. And that goes for cats too! There are many ways for indoor and outdoor cats to enjoy summer adventures. But you’ll need to take precautions to ensure your favorite feline enjoys a safe, happy, and healthy cat summer.

Don’t worry, we’ve got you covered! From grooming routines to travel tips, here’s your guide to helping your cat enjoy the best summer ever.

Cat Summer Adventures Tips for Indoor and Outdoor Cats

Whether you’re staying home or exploring the world this summer, some thoughtful planning and preparation can help make the season a success for you and your cat.

Here are some top tips to consider before you hit the road (or chillax close to home) with your favorite feline this summer.

1. Visit your vet to prepare for summer fun

Before starting any summer adventure with your cat, it’s important to schedule a visit to the vet. Your vet can make sure your pet is up to date on vaccinations and preventative medications in case your trip will expose your cat to new pests or diseases. And, if you are flying with your catsome airlines may require an updated health record showing that your cat is fit to travel. Pro tip: For a stress-free trip, sign up for free GreatPetCare account to keep all your cat’s important health details at your fingertips.

2. Keep them groomed to beat the heat

Cats naturally shed more during warmer months to help regulate their temperature. You can help your cat stay cool and comfortable by keeping its coat well-groomed. Brush your cat regularly with a detangling brush to remove excess fur and prevent matting. You may also want to consider using soothing shampoos specifically formulated for cats to treat some seasonal skin issues they may experience during the summer.

3. Prepare (and protect) for the Great Outdoors

Summer can be the perfect time to explore the world around you. And as long as you take proper precautions, even indoor cats can benefit from outdoor adventures. Wherever you roam, make sure your cat is microchipped and wearing a collar with identification tags in case they get lost. Invest in a harness and leash for supervised hikes. Don’t forget to pack portable water and a food bowl to keep them hydrated and fed during the trip. And even if you don’t intend to spend too much time outside with your cat, remember that both indoor and outdoor cats need year-round protection of fleas, ticksand other parasites. So make sure your cat is protected before you start adventuring!

4. Relax with fresh sweets

A little sunshine is nice, but high summer temperatures can be dangerous to your cat’s health. Indoors or outdoors, help them beat the summer heat with delicious and refreshing treats! Consider making kitty pops (or cubes) using safe ingredients like tuna or low-sodium chicken broth. And if you and your cat will be outside for long periods, you’ll need to take some extra precautions.

“For outdoor cats, make sure they have access to shaded areas, fresh water and regular check-ups,” advises the UK-based vet. Dr Alex Crow, MRCVS. He adds that you should keep your cat indoors during the hottest part of the day (usually between 10am and 4pm) to prevent skin cancer and heat stroke.

5. Plan for indoor adventures too

When the outdoor temperatures get too hot to handle, entertain your cat with indoor activities. “Cats need to stay active and engaged to prevent boredom and stress,” explains Dr. Crow. You can create an obstacle course using household items such as boxes and tunnels to stimulate their mind and body. Or choose interactive toys and puzzles designed to stimulate their instincts. (Perhaps paired with a tasty incentive, like Greenies cat treats!) Some pet parents set up a designated window perch for birdwatching or even an indoor/outdoor option like a kitty cat to encourage play. Remember that even indoor activities could put cats at risk of overheating. So watch out for signs of heat exhaustion in your cat, even indoors.

6. Prepare a First Aid Kit

It’s always a good idea to have a travel first aid kit on hand in case your cat gets hurt when you’re away from home. But before you and your cat head out for some summer fun, be sure to stock up on must-haves, as well as solutions to common summer hazards and concerns, like burn cream for burnt finger beans, tweezers to remove. bee stings or trail debris, and prescription or over the counter pain medications to help alleviate any pains that may accompany activities.

While you’re at it, don’t forget to set yours GreatPetCare account to keep emergency contact numbers for your veterinarian and local animal hospital easily accessible.

7. Travel jitters? Keep your kitty safe and calm

Summer is the ideal time to explore. But if you plan to bring your feline friend along for the ride, traveling with your cat may require a few extra steps. Start getting your cat used to the carrier with treats and positive reinforcement. For cats that may experience anxiety during travel or outdoor activities, consider using soothing solutionsSuch as pheromone sprays, calming supplements, or anti-anxiety medications prescribed by your vet to help keep them relaxed and stress-free.

By keeping these tips and tricks in mind, you can create a summer experience that’s as enjoyable for your cat as it is for you. Summer is a great time to make memories and strengthen the bond between you and your furry friend. So, embrace the season, enjoy the moments and enjoy the joy of summer with your feline companion by your side!

If you’ve ever experienced poison ivy or had an intensely itchy mosquito bite, you can empathize with the way an itchy pet feels when they’re forced to scratch themselves incessantly. Not only is excessive itching in pets super uncomfortable, but it can also lead to secondary problems such as skin infections that can perpetuate the itching.

While there are certainly things you can do to treat itching in cats and dogs, once you notice the excessive scratching, you can also take a proactive approach to avoid itching in pets that are predisposed.

Preventing Itchy Pets: Is It Possible?

You may not realize it, but you probably perform a number of methods to prevent scabies for your pet, such as administering a parasite preventative or continuing your pet’s grooming. But for many pets, itch prevention tactics are put in place after an episode of intense itching. For example, while you can’t necessarily prevent your pet from developing allergies, you may be looking for tactics to prevent another flare-up after you’ve watched your pet endure the itch of allergic dermatitis.

How to Help Prevent Itching in Dogs and Cats: 8 Methods to Try

To prevent itching in dogs and cats, consider the following tips.

Keep your pet on year-round parasite prevention

Flea infestations and flea allergy dermatitis are among the main causes of itching for both dogs and cats. Several other parasites, such as ticks, sarcoptic mites (scabies), or licecan also cause intense itching in pets.

Year-round parasite prevention is recommended for both dogs and cats. The geographic ranges and active months for parasites are expanding due to global warming, making fleas and ticks an increasingly widespread and year-round issue.

Options may include oral medications, topical medications, or collars. Your veterinarian will help you choose the best options for your pet.

Try skin and coat supplements

Skin and coat supplements can help promote a healthy skin barrier, reducing itching. One supplement that is often recommended for dogs and cats with skin problems is omega-3 fatty acids.

Omega-3 fatty acids are an important part of the structure of healthy cells. Although they are not particularly useful for acute flare-ups of itching, they can become part of the management strategy for pets with environmental allergies and several other skin conditions.

You should always talk to your veterinarian before adding a supplement to your pet’s daily diet. Make sure the skin and coat you choose is suitable for your dog or cat. Dosages may vary between species.

Feed a prescription diet for pets with allergies

For pets with food allergiesPrescription diets are often the first line of defense in preventing flare-ups. These diets come in the form of hydrolyzed protein dietsnew protein diets, or diets with limited ingredients. Allergy diets either have the proteins broken down into smaller, more digestible forms, or they do not contain the ingredients to which the pet is allergic.

Most allergy diets require a veterinary prescription to purchase. Your veterinarian can help you determine if you pet has food allergies and discuss trying a cat or dog food to prevent itchy skin.

Continue with grooming

Your long-haired cat or thick dog might require daily brushing. Fur matting can lead to skin inflammation, itching and pain. By brushing your pet’s fur and preventing the development of mats, you help avoid the itchiness and discomfort associated with mats. Regular grooming can also help you identify problems that could be causing itching, such as a flea infestation or the presence of ticks.

Consider medicated shampoos

Pets with specific skin conditions can benefit from medicated baths. For example, pets with seborrhea may benefit from an anti-seborrhoeic shampoo. Avena shampoo can be soothing for pets with frequently irritated skin.

Cats notoriously dislike baths. Talk to your vet if you are considering bathing your cat to see if it would be beneficial.

Try acupuncture for pets

Acupuncture is part of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine (TCVM). There is some evidence that acupuncture can help prevent allergies and infections through its effects on the immune system. Although acupuncture is not often used as a sole method for itch prevention and is not offered by most conventional veterinarians, this is a consideration for families interested in TCVM.

Consider how to manage the home environment to reduce allergens

Environmental allergies are common in dogs and cats. Indoor allergens, such as dust mites, can contribute to your pet’s allergies. You can help reduce allergens in the home by frequent vacuuming (daily), regular air filter replacement (every one to two months), and frequent washing of bedding and blankets (weekly).

Manage your pet’s exposure to plants outdoors

Outdoor plants (specifically pollens) can contribute to pet allergies and itchy skin. Obviously, you can’t completely control the outdoors, but there are steps you can take to reduce potential exposure. If you know what plants trigger your pet’s allergies, especially if it’s a contact allergy, you can eliminate the plant from your yard. If your pet is allergic to specific pollens, consider keeping the windows of your home closed when that plant’s pollen activity is high. You could also keep your pet inside after mowing the lawn. Allergy shots may also be a good idea for pets with allergies to outdoor plants.

What to Do If Your Cat or Dog Itches

Sometimes, even your best efforts may not completely get rid of your dog or cat’s itching. If you notice that your pet is itching a lot, there are medical interventions that your veterinarian can prescribe to help give your pet some relief. Contact your vet for advice on how to help stop your dog itching or yours itching of a cat.

When you prepare to see your veterinarian, you want to make sure you are prepared to answer the following questions:

• Do you notice anything besides itching?
• Are there specific parts of your pet’s body that seem particularly itchy?
• How long have you noticed these symptoms?
• What parasite prevention is your pet on, and when did they last get their prevention?
• What do you feed your pet? Have there been any recent changes to their diet?
• Have you changed anything in your home, like carpet cleaner or detergent?

With proactive plans, you can reduce your dog or cat’s itching! But even if itching still occurs, don’t despair – your vet will be happy to help your pet with their itching.

Ah, summer time… The sun is shining. There is not a cloud in the sky. And danger is probably the last thing on your mind, especially when it comes to your cat.

But warmer weather can introduce some unexpected dangers for our feline friends. The heat, the sun and even a change in routine can all affect your cat’s health and well-being. And it’s not just your outdoor cat you need to worry about. Summer hazards can also affect indoor cats.

To help you and your cat enjoy the sunny days ahead, here are six potential summer hazards to watch out for this summer, plus practical prevention tips to help you keep hot weather extremes at bay.

So, let’s dive in and learn how to keep our feline companions safe, cool and happy, no matter what the season brings.

How to Protect Your Cat From Most Summer Hazards

Nothing ruins fun in the sun like an unexpected pet injury, illness or emergency trip to the vet. So here is a list of six common summer dangers and how best to defend your cat against them.

heatstroke

Depending on where you live, warmer summer weather could spell bad news for your kitty. While cats are generally able to regulate their body temperature, extreme heat could overwhelm their natural cooling abilities and cause heatstroke.

Heatstroke in cats can occur when their body temperature rises above 104°F (40°C), usually as a result of exposure to excessive heat. It can lead to serious health complications if not treated immediately.

“Did you know that heat is a leading cause of death in cats during the summer?” warns a UK-based vet Dr Alex Crow, MRCVS. “It is important to recognize the signs, such as rapid breathing, panting and restlessness, and take action to cool them down.” Other signs to look out for include lethargy, drooling, a fast heartbeat and an unusually red tongue and mouth.

Although outdoor cats may be more likely to develop heatstroke in the summer, indoor cats are also at risk, especially in homes that tend to get too hot (above 90 degrees).

To prevent heatstroke in cats, always make sure your cat has a cool, shaded area they can retreat to – both indoors and out – to escape the heat. And when summer temperatures rise, it’s a good idea to limit outdoor cat activities to the cooler parts of the day, such as early morning or late evening.

If you detect symptoms of heat stroke in your cat, move them immediately to a cooler place, try to give them water to drink and contact your vet immediately.

Dehydration

When temperatures rise, cats can become dehydrated faster than you would expect. This is especially common in senior cats or those in poor health. Dehydration in cats can cause a variety of other health problems, from kidney problems to urinary tract infections.

To help prevent dehydration, it’s best to keep an eye on rising temperatures and provide plenty of opportunities for your cat to drink throughout the day. Consider placing multiple water bowls around the house or yard, using a cat water fountain, or switching to wet cat food to increase their daily water intake.

Monitor your cat water bowl nearby during hot weather. If you notice that they are not drinking as much as they should or detect signs of dehydration (sunken eyes, dry mouth, lethargy or weakness), contact your veterinarian immediately for guidance. While very mild cases of feline dehydration can be treated at home, severe cases require immediate veterinary treatment.

Parasites

Summer is the high season for many dangerous parasites, including fleas, ticks, mosquitoesand worms. Not only are these pests annoying to pets and people, but they can also transmit diseases to your cat.

Remember that threat applies to both indoor and outdoor cats. While outdoor cats face a higher risk of encountering parasites, there are many ways these tiny intruders can find their way into your home.

In many cases, it only takes one pest bite to infect your cat, so effective, year-round parasite prevention is your best defense against this peak summer hazard.

Parasite prevention comes in a wide range of forms, from topical treatments, to collars, to oral medications. Talk to your vet about what preventative medicine offers the best defense for the parasites in your area. And to make sure you never miss a dose, join a free GreatPetCare account for medication reminders, easy access to your pet’s medical records, automatic shipping and more.

Toxic Plants and Chemicals

Do you have a green thumb? Summer may find you putting in your outdoor garden or nurturing your indoor plants. But be aware that what you grow (and how you grow it) could be a danger to your cat.

Common outdoor plants, such as lilies, azaleas and chrysanthemums can be poisonous if your cat ingests them. And most garden chemicals, such as fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides, are dangerous whether ingested or exposed to your cat’s skin.

To keep your cat safe, always check the plants in your home and garden toxicity and either make sure they are unlimited for your cat or exchange them for cat-friendly alternatives. Consider using safe fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides. Store hazardous garden chemicals behind locked doors. And keep your cat from rolling in newly “treated” areas…including your neighbors’ yards.

If, despite your best efforts, you suspect that your cat has been exposed to a toxic plant (or have doubts), contact your veterinarian as soon as possible to ensure prompt, effective treatment. You can also call ASPCA Poison Control (888-426-4435) or the Pet Poison Helpline (855-764-7661) for guidance. But be aware that both services charge a consultation fee.

Fireworks and Loud Noises

Summer parties are great. However, if they include fireworks or other loud noises, you may find yourself with a scaredy cat on your hands. Not only can these fearful stimuli cause stress and anxiety in cats, but they can also cause dangerous attempts to escape.

To keep your cat calm during noisy summer parties, try creating a safe, quiet space for them to retreat to in your home. You may also want to consider using soothing solutions such as pheromone diffusers or anxiety wraps to help them stay calm. If you know your cat is prone to anxiety, ask your vet if your cat could benefit from prescription tranquilizers to relieve the stress caused by loud fireworks.

Sunburn

Don’t let the fur fool you. Just like humans, cats can also get sunburned. They are particularly at risk wherever their fur is sparse and their skin is exposed. And, just like people with lighter skin, skins with light-colored fur are extra vulnerable to the sun’s harmful rays.

To protect your cat from painful sunburns and long-term health risks such as skin cancerit’s best to keep them inside when the sun’s UV rays are strongest — generally mid-morning to mid-afternoon, even on cloudy days. And if they’re going to be outside, apply pet-safe sunscreen to places where their skin is most exposed, like their ears, nose and belly.

If your cat is sunburned, don’t panic! Most mild sunburns can be treated at home with some expert guidance from your vet. Depending on how much discomfort your cat is in, your vet may recommend cold compresses, pain relievers, or anti-inflammatories to ease the pain and heal your cat’s burned skin. For more severe sunburns, however, or if the skin is broken or blistered, immediate veterinary care is best.

Summer is a wonderful time of year, but it’s important to be aware of the unique dangers it can bring to our feline friends. By remaining aware of these potential hazards, taking proactive steps to prevent them, and setting your free GreatPetCare accountyou’ll help your feline friend stay safe and enjoy all the best this sunny season has to offer.

Dogs may not be counting down the days and minutes until summer begins like we are. But you can bet they would if they could! Summer time is full of fun adventures that dogs love. However, as temperatures rise, so do the potential risks dogs face during the summer months.

From heat to poisonous plants, there are plenty of dangers that could get in the way of your dog’s fun in the sun this summer. But not if you are aware of the risks and how to prevent them.

Here’s what you need to know about the most common summer hazards for dogs. Plus, you’ll get helpful tips for keeping your pet safe, happy, and healthy so you can enjoy summer fun together.

1. Heat Stroke and Heat Exhaustion

Dogs can easily overheat in hot and humid weather because they can’t sweat like humans. They cool down by panting, but that doesn’t work so well in hot, humid conditions. If they get too hot, they can suffer from heat exhaustion from losing fluids and salts after prolonged exposure to heat.

If heat exhaustion is not treated, it can lead to heatwhich can be fatal for dogs. Heat stroke occurs when the body temperature of a dog exceeds 105 degrees F. Certain breeds, such as Bulldogs and Buttocksare more prone to heatstroke, especially in hot climates or during intense physical activity.

Prevent heatstroke in dogs

• Avoid walking your dog during the hottest part of the day (between 10:00 am and 4:00 pm)
• Not sure how hot is too hot for dogs? Use the touch test: If the pavement is too hot to hold your bare hand there for a few seconds, it’s too hot for your dog’s paws.
• Always provide your dog with plenty of fresh water and shade on hot days.
• Never leave your dog in a parked car, even with the windows down. In temperatures as low as 75 degrees, a dog’s internal temperature can reach dangerous levels within minutes.

Recognizing the signs of heat exhaustion and heatstroke in dogs is crucial. Early detection can mean the difference between life and death. Excessive panting and drooling are often the first signs. Your dog may also seem lethargic or confused. As the condition worsens, dogs may throw upto have diarrheaor even collapse.

If you notice any of these signs, contact your veterinarian immediately. Heatstroke is a medical emergency that requires immediate veterinary attention.

2. Dehydration

Although dogs can suffer dehydration any time of year, the risk increases as temperatures rise. Dogs become dehydrated when they lose more fluids than they consume. And because panting relies on moisture evaporation to cool dogs, the more they pant, the more likely they are to become dehydrated.

Dogs can become dehydrated quickly in hot weather, especially if they don’t have access to fresh water. And dehydration can lead to serious health problems, including kidney failure and death If you notice signs of dehydration in your dog, such as a dry nose and gums, sunken eyes and lethargy, contact your veterinarian immediately to decide on the best treatment.

Pet safety tips to prevent dog dehydration

• Always make sure your dog has easy access to fresh, cool water.
• Even on colder days, prolonged exposure to the sun can be harmful. Make sure your dog has a shady place to rest so they don’t have to pant so much to catch a cold.
• Try offering ice cubes or frozen treats made from dog-safe unseasoned broth to help keep your dog hydrated and cool.

3. Parasites: Fleas, Ticks and Heartworms

Pesky parasites thrive during the hot summer weather. If you and your dog spend time in nature, you are more likely to encounter illness fleas, ticks and mosquitoes this could harm your pet.

Despite the risks, there’s no need to avoid the great outdoors this summer. With a proactive plan to prevent parasites, you and your dog can enjoy nature all summer long.

Parasite Prevention Guidelines

• Regularly check your dog for signs of fleas and ticks after spending time outside, and carefully remove any parasites you find.
• To get rid of fleas and ticks in your home, wash your pet’s bedding and vacuum regularly.
• Reduce the risk of parasites in your yard by eliminating places that fleas and ticks like to hide, such as tall grass and patches of weeds. Also remove standing water, which can attract breeding mosquitoes.
• Most importantly, use year-round parasite prevention to guard your dog against the threats in your area. Ask your vet if a broad-spectrum preventative would be a good choice. These convenient combination medications protect against fleas, ticks and heartworms in one monthly dose.

4. Sunburn and Burned Feet

Most of us wouldn’t think about spending a day in the hot sun without sun protection. The same should apply to our dogs.

Dogs can get sunburnedjust like us. This is especially true for dogs with short or light-colored coats. And the health effects of UV ray burns on dogs are just as dire. Sunburn in dogs can cause skin damage and increase the risk of skin cancer.

Dangers of summer burns do not only come from above. In warmer weather, hot asphalt and sand can burn sensitive dog paws, especially during the peak hours of the day.

Prevent sunburn and foot burns

• Apply a pet-safe sunscreen to your dog’s exposed skin, especially areas like the nose, ears and belly that are particularly vulnerable to burning.
• Don’t use sunscreen made for humans on your dog, even in a pinch. It may contain ingredients that could harm your dog if they lick it.
• Test heat absorbent surfaces before you walk your dog on them.
• If your dog’s feet are particularly sensitive, consider investing in protective dog shoes for summer to reduce the risk of foot burns.

Always consult your veterinarian about the best way to treat burns in dogs. They may recommend simple remedies for mild burns. But if the skin is cracked or compromised, it’s best not to put anything like a cream or ointment on more severe burns at home.

5. Water Hazards and Drowning Risks

Summer is the ideal time for fun water activities with your dog. Whether it’s a trip to the beach, a day at the lake or just lounging by the pool, water gives pets and people a chance to relax and escape the summer heat.

However, before you float, sail, paddle or dive, remember that not all dogs are born with an innate ability. to swim. While some breeds are natural swimmers, others may struggle in the water. This means that drowning is a real risk for dogs, especially those who are unfamiliar or uncomfortable with water.

Even dogs that are good swimmers can have problems in pools, lakes or the ocean, so it is important to always supervise your furry friend when they are near bodies of water.

Summer water safety tips

• Invest in a dog life jacket, even if your dog is a confident swimmer. It adds an extra layer of safety, especially in deep or moving water. Look for options with a handle built into the back, so it’s easier to lift your dog out of the water.
• Teach your dog how to get in and out of the pool safely, without your help. This is important if they fall in by accident.
• Always wash or shampoo your dog after swimming. Chlorine, salt and lake organisms can irritate their skin, damage their coat and contribute to ear infections, which tend to increase in the summer for dogs.
• Never leave your dog unattended in the water.

6. Toxic Foods, Plants and Chemicals

Some dogs will happily eat anything. But if you have an enthusiastic (and opportunistic) eater, summertime can be especially difficult. Between picnics, barbecues, gardens and nature, summer is packed with potential toxins.

These include:

• Food items – Many summer party staples, such as brownies, fruit salad and hamburgers, contain ingredients that can be toxic to dogs. Grapes, onions and chocolate are just a few examples of foods that could be fatal to your dog. Pay attention to where your dog is during meetings. Keep harmful foods out of their reach.
• Chemicals – If you use lawn and garden chemicals like fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides to beautify your yard, there’s a good chance they could be toxic to dogs. Always store these products safely and keep your dog off treated lawns until it is safe.
• Plants and Nature – Common landscape plants poisonous to dogs include lilies, azaleas and sago palms. And in nature, you can find toxins such as blue-green algae in bodies of water or poisonous mushrooms on the road, which can be fatal if consumed. Always check your surroundings for potential hazards. And keep your dog on a short leash when walking in unfamiliar territory, especially if they are known to nibble.

If, despite your best efforts, you suspect that your dog has eaten something poisonous, time is of the essence. Contact your veterinarian as soon as possible to ensure quick, effective treatment. You can also call ASPCA Poison Control (888-426-4435) or the Pet Poison Helpline (855-764-7661) for guidance. Both services charge a consultation fee.

7. Exercise-induced Injuries

Summer often means more playtime and fun adventures for your dog. But that could also increase the risk of accidents, injuries and other health problems.

It is important to monitor your dog’s activity level during play and exercise to make sure they are not pushing too hard. Overexertion could lead to heat exhaustion or weakness, which could lead to injury. Other signs to look out for include excessive panting, drooling, lethargy, disorientation and confusion.

• If you notice these signs, stop the activity immediately. Move your dog to a cool, shaded area and provide fresh water.
• Plan your summer adventures with your dog’s stamina and natural abilities in mind. If your pup is more of a couch potato, start with a short walk instead of an all-day hike.
• Keep your dog safe weight in check to prevent further stress on their body. Ask your veterinarian if your dog would benefit from a special diet formulated to promote a healthy weight or medications to relieve pain.

8. Summer Stress: Fireworks and Anxiety

Summer is a time for parties, many of which include fireworks that can terrify your dog. But fireworks aren’t the only danger. Parties, parades and even summer thunderstorms can all cause anxiety in dogs.

Summer tips for managing noise anxiety in dogs

• If your dog shows signs of anxiety in response to loud noises or fireworks, such as shaking or hiding, it’s important to comfort them. If possible, provide a safe, quiet space where they can retreat.
• If your dog is sensitive to noise, talk to your vet about using calming solutions, such as supplements, anxiety wraps, or prescription medications.
• Remember, every dog ​​is different. What works for one may not work for another. It’s all about finding what helps your dog feel safe and secure.

Quick Summer Dog Safety Checklist

Summer is a time for outdoor activities, vacations and relaxation, but it’s important to remember that it can also present risks for our four-legged friends. Stay alert and take precautions to ensure your favorite dog stays safe and healthy.

Here’s a quick checklist to help you remember the main points:

• Keep your dog hydrated and provide plenty of shade.
• Protect their feet from hot surfaces.
• Be aware of water safety.
• Beware of toxic substances and plants.
• Beware of dangerous parasites.
• Protect your dog from the sun.
• Avoid overexertion and manage noise anxiety.
• Never leave your dog in a hot car.

By keeping these tips in mind, you and your dog can enjoy a safe and fun summer.

Do you ever feel like your dog can understand what you’re saying? You may be right.

As dog parents, we can teach our pets to respond to basic cues such as “come”, “down”, “sit” or “stay”. But researchers in Hungary recently found that dogs can learn to associate certain words with specific objects (1).

The study enrolled 18 dogs in a non-invasive EEG (electroencephalogram) procedure that measured the brain activity of each dog participant and recorded their brain waves. The dog owners said the names of objects that were familiar to their pets, such as a ball or a Frisbee. They then took turns showing their dogs an object that matched the description and then showing them objects that did not.

The research team looked at the brain scans of each dog and recognized patterns in their brains when the words spoken did not match the objects that were shown to them. Basically, the dogs showed a startled reaction in their brains when they were told that an object was a ball, but were shown something different than what they expected. Next, the researchers plan to study whether the same thing happens in other mammals beyond dogs.

So what does this mean for dog parents?

“This new finding is exciting because it suggests that our dogs have a better understanding of our language than previously thought,” says Dr. Rhiannon Koehler, a Kansas-based veterinarian. “Your pet might know the word for their favorite toy or the words ‘bed’ or ‘rope’. They might know your name!”

The bond we have with our pets goes beyond language, Dr. Koehler says, but it’s reassuring to know that dogs might understand some of what we’re saying. Teaching dogs specific words could be useful for training, play or safety reasons.

“You can use the knowledge that your dog may know the words for specific objects to teach them new tricks, such as retrieving specific items,” says Dr. Koehler.

She suggests using positive reinforcement to try to teach your dog new words. For example, if you want to teach the word “ball,” hold the ball and say the word “ball.” When your dog interacts with the object, reward the behavior with tasty treats and affection. Start moving the ball further by saying the word, and then rewarding the interaction.

“Eventually, your puppy may start looking for the item when it’s mentioned,” explains Dr. Koehler. “Over time, you can move to intermittent sweet rewards. You should always reward positive behaviors with praise and love.”

Reference:

1. Marianna Boros, Lilla Magyari, Boglarka Morvai, Raúl Hernández-Pérez, Shany Dror, Attila Andics. Neural evidence for referential comprehension of object words in dogs. Current Biology, 2024; DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.029

Picture this: It’s a beautiful day. The sun is shining. Your dog is frolicking in the grass. But then you notice that your puppy is scratching more than they’re playing, and they’re covered in red, itchy spots. Suddenly, you worry, “Can dogs be allergic to grass?”

Unfortunately, the answer is yes. Just like humans, dogs can develop allergies to elements in the environment, and that includes grass.

What does this mean for your itchy dog? Get ready to find out. Here’s what you need to know about grass allergy in dogs, including causes, symptoms to look out for, and how to manage and treat this condition to soothe your pet’s itchy skin.

Can Dogs Be Allergic to Grass?

Yes, not only can dogs be allergic to grass, but grass allergy is also among the most common environmental allergies in dogs. Dogs that get itchy and inflamed skin from environmental allergens (including grass pollens, molds and dust mites) have a condition called atopic dermatitis. Also known as atopy, this condition affects about 10 to 15 percent of all dogs (1).

A smaller percentage of dogs with grass allergies have contact dermatitis. This means that contact with the grass itself, not just the grass pollens in the air, triggers the allergic reaction (2).

The likelihood of dogs developing grass allergies can vary significantly depending on factors such as your area and the season. That’s because grass pollen levels tend to be higher in warmer climates and at certain times of the year, such as spring and summer.

While grass allergies are not life-threatening, they can seriously affect your dog’s quality of life. If not managed properly, dog grass allergies can cause significant discomfort, manifesting as skin irritation, itching and inflammation.

What Causes Grass Allergies in Dogs?

Dogs with herb allergies typically have an abnormal immune response and a defective skin barrier. Normally, the skin behaves like a shield, blocking particles outside a dog’s body from entering deeper skin layers. When an allergen like grass pollen gets on the skin of an allergic dog, their immune system mistakes the harmless pollen for something dangerous. This misidentification triggers an allergic response that makes the skin inflamed and itchy.

Certain types of grass, such as Bermuda, Timothy, Kentucky bluegrass, Orchard and rye grass, are most likely to cause allergic reactions in dogs (3).

Although any dog ​​can develop a grass allergy, some dog breeds are genetically predisposed to developing atopic dermatitis and grass allergy. These breeds include Golden Retrievers, Labrador Retrievers, French Bulldogs, Boxers, German Shepherds, West Highland White Terriers, Poodles, Dachshunds, and Cocker Spaniels (1).

Symptoms of Dog Grass Allergy

If your dog is allergic to grass, they may have symptoms that appear seasonally when pollen counts are high. However, dogs with environmental allergies are often allergic to more than just grass (dust mites, for example). So symptoms can be year-round and occur internally and externally.

Symptoms of a grass allergy include:

• Constant scratching and licking
• Red, inflamed skin
• Hives or rash, especially on the belly and under the legs
• Chronic ear infections
• Less commonly, runny nose and watery eyes, especially during high pollen seasons

Identifying herb allergies can be difficult because of their non-specific symptoms, which can mimic other allergies. However, dogs with symptoms that appear seasonally are more likely to have a grass allergy, as opposed to a food allergy, for example.

Diagnosing a dog allergic to grass

Veterinarians diagnose herb allergies primarily by ruling out other types of allergies and, eventually, by allergy testing.

Diagnosing herb allergies begins with a thorough examination by a veterinarian. Your vet will examine your dog’s skin and note the pattern and timing of symptoms. If your dog is not on a year-round flea preventative, your vet will prescribe medication for this so that a flea allergy can be ruled out as a cause of your dog’s symptoms.

smvb sku=”3020567″ prescription_message=”*Purchase directly from your vet. Prescription required.” enable_prescription_message=”true” button_text=”Shop Simparica Trio” align=”center”

smvb sku=”3022488″ prescription_message=”*Purchase directly from your vet. Prescription required.” enable_prescription_message=”true” button_text=”Shop NexGard Plus” align=”center”

smvb sku=”3007615″ prescription_message=”*Purchase directly from your vet. Prescription required.” enable_prescription_message=”true” button_text=”Shop Bravecto” align=”center”

If your dog’s symptoms are year-round, your vet may recommend a food trial with a new protein or hydrolyzed protein diet to rule out a food allergy as the culprit.

Once atopic dermatitis is confirmed, skin or blood tests to detect specific allergens can be done to identify specific allergies, including different types of herbs.

Dog Herbal Allergy Treatment

Herb allergies, like any other allergy, cannot be cured, but medications and other treatments can help eliminate or greatly reduce symptoms.

Some commonly used medications include:

Steroids

Steroids used to be the only effective treatment for severe allergy symptoms in dogs. However, this is less common now due to their risk of serious side effects (especially with long-term use) and the availability of newer, more targeted treatments.

Cyclosporine

This medication is safer than steroids when used to treat chronic grass allergies in dogs. However, it can take weeks for symptoms to improve, so it may not be the best choice for treating flare-ups. It is available in both generic and branded forms, in capsules or liquid medicine. Common side effects include digestive upset, vomiting, diarrhea and loss of appetite.

Immunotherapy

Allergy shots or sublingual drops containing the specific allergens a dog is allergic to can help desensitize the immune system to herb allergies over time. This tends to be effective in about 50 to 75 percent of dogs but can take up to 1 year to be effective (1).

Citation point (locivetmab)

This is an injection containing antibodies that neutralize the compounds that trigger itchy skin in dogs with a grass allergy. One injection relieves itching symptoms for 4 to 8 weeks, but the shots can be quite expensive.

Apoquel (oclacitinib)

Apoquel has proven to be a game changer for treating herbal allergies in dogs. It targets the specific immune factors involved in the allergic reaction, offering quick relief from itching and inflammation without the potential for long-term side effects associated with steroids.

It is much more effective than antihistamines because histamine only plays a small role in dog allergy symptoms. Apoquel can begin to relieve allergy symptoms in as little as 2 hours, and it can be stopped and started as needed to relieve allergy symptoms.

Studies support that long-term use of Apoquel in dogs is safe (5). It tends to be well tolerated by most dogs, but can cause stomach upset on rare occasions.

Dog Grass Allergies Home Remedies

If you’re wondering if human medications, such as Benadryl or Claritin, could help tame your pet’s grass allergy itch, the answer is: probably not. These common over-the-counter solutions are antihistamines, which are not usually effective for allergies in dogs. According to one study, they performed no better than a placebo pill (6).

Also remember that it’s never a good idea to give your dog human medication without first consulting your vet. Although some may be effective, it is very important to first consult your veterinarian regarding dosage and the specific medications that are safe to use.

For mild herb allergy symptoms, some home remedies may help:

Soothing Baths

Washing your dog with a hypoallergenic or medicated shampoo can soothe the skin and help remove allergens from the fur. Just remember that over-shampooing can irritate your dog’s skin even more. So limit baths to once or twice a week, tops. And use cold water, because hot water can make irritated skin itch even more.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

These “good fats” help build immunity, improve skin health, and fight inflammation—three important benefits that can strengthen your dog’s defenses against herbal allergies. Although these essential nutrients are found naturally in foods such as fish and flaxseed, most commercial dog foods are not sufficient. So you may want to consider a dietary supplement to ensure your dog is getting the full benefit that omega-3 fatty acids have to offer.

Prevention of Grass Allergy in Dogs

Preventing grass allergies involves minimizing your dog’s exposure to the allergen:

• Avoidance: Keep your dog off freshly mowed lawns and tall grasses, especially during peak pollen seasons.
• Paw and Body Wipes: Use hypoallergenic wipes to clean your dog after they’ve been outside to remove pollen and allergens.
• Indoor Air Quality: Use air purifiers to reduce indoor pollen levels, which can help during allergy season.

While grass allergies can be a challenge for dogs and their owners, understanding the symptoms, diagnoses and treatments available can lead to effective management of the condition.

If you work closely with your veterinarian, you can help ensure that your dog enjoys the great outdoors without suffering from bothersome allergy symptoms.

References:

1. Gedon, Natalie Katharina Yvonne, and Ralf Steffen Mueller. “Atopic dermatitis in cats and dogs: a difficult disease for animals and owners.” Clinical and translational allergy vol. 8 41. 5 October 2018, doi:10.1186/s13601-018-0228-5
2. Mason, Kenneth, and Merja Ruutu. “Canine dermatitis on contact with a grass leaf: A case series.” Veterinary dermatology vol. 34.2 (2023): 115-124. doi:10.1111/vde.13143
3. Top 10 Pollen Allergy Symptoms in AnimalsNextmune, 18, Feb 2021,
4. Gadeyne, Caroline et al. “Efficacy of oclacitinib (Apoquel®) compared with prednisolone for the control of pruritus and clinical signs associated with allergic dermatitis in client-owned dogs in Australia.” Veterinary Dermatology vol. 25,6 (2014): 512-8, e86. doi:10.1111/vde.12166
5. Marsella, Rosanna, et al. “Oclacitinib 10 years later: Lessons learned and directions for the future.” Journal of the American Veterinary Medical AssociationVol. 261, no. S1, March 25, 2023, p. 1–12, doi.org/10.2460/javma.22.12.0570
6. Hsiao, Yun-Hsia et al. “Effects of cetirizine in dogs with chronic atopic dermatitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.” Journal of veterinary science vol. 17.4 (2016): 549-553. doi:10.4142/jvs.2016.17.4.549

Glucose, or blood sugar, is an important fuel for all parts of the body, including the brain. Cats that eat regularly can make enough glucose from their liver and from carbohydrates in the diet. Because glucose is so essential to life, it is important for pet parents to know what symptoms may indicate that your cat is experiencing glucose levels that are too high or too low.

Read on to better understand what could be causing changes in cat glucose levels and what pet parents can do about it.

What Is a Normal Cat Glucose Level?

Each individual cat will have a slightly different glucose level, and this fluctuates throughout the day. Glucose levels also fluctuate from day to day, so your cat will not have the same levels one day as the next.

Typically, all cats should have glucose values ​​greater than 60 mg/dL. Any stress could increase blood glucose – even something as simple as having a visitor to your home. The high range of glucose readings for a healthy, low-stress cat would be around 160 mg/dL. However, cats that are stressed can increase glucose to 250 mg/dL. This is not technically abnormal unless it is always this high. Once cats reach a glucose level of 300 mg/dL, they will begin to show symptoms of having too much glucose.

No matter the size of your cat, the normal range of glucose in the bloodstream should be the same. In kittens under 4 weeks of age, having low glucose is much more dangerous and happens more often. This is because small kittens don’t have the same metabolism or reserves (not a lot of extra fat or places to store glucose).

Cat Glucose Level Chart

What Causes High Glucose Levels in Cats?

There are many causes of high glucose or hyperglycemia in cats. The most common is stress, which is a normal physiological response to any stress in life. Four other possible causes include:

Medicines. There are several medications, especially those used to induce anesthesia or sedatives, that will cause a spike in glucose. Steroids can cause an increase as well. Studies show that cats treated with very high doses of steroids for immunosuppression (1) are likely to develop a significant increase, whereas cats treated with lower anti-inflammatory doses do not (2).

Diabetes mellitus. The most common cause of persistent or chronic increase in glucose in cats, diabetes mellitus occurs either due to the lack of insulin in the body or the body no longer responds to insulin properly (known as insulin resistance).

After eating. All cats will experience a normal rise in glucose after eating. It is unusual for cats to have such an increase that the values ​​exceed the normal. In one study (3), 17 percent of dogs had glucose levels higher than “normal range” after eating.

Pregnancy. Late in pregnancy, hormones change the body’s response to insulin. This will resolve in most cats very soon after birth.

Symptoms of high glucose levels in cats

Most cats will have temporary increases in glucose and no symptoms will be noted. Cats with prolonged relatively high glucose levels will show symptoms such as:

• Increased urine produced and increased thirst
• Increased appetite
• Reduced weight
• Less active
• Poor fur coat due to decreased grooming
• Enlarged (distended) belly

Treatment for High Glucose Levels in Cats

If the increase in glucose is due to the stress of an illness, such as an infection in the body, the treatment for high glucose addresses the underlying problem. However, cats with prolonged hyperglycemia can receive treatments such as:

A change in diet. Low carbohydrate, high protein diets are a staple in any cat experiencing chronic elevations in glucose. Dry food as well as canned diets that are thick have higher carbohydrates, so canned pate diets with particularly low carbohydrate levels are best.

Weight loss. Similar to humans, obese cats will have a better metabolism and their bodies will respond better to insulin if they lose weight.

Insulin. With a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, cats are often prescribed insulin, an injection usually given twice daily to lower blood glucose levels.

Alternatives to insulin. It is possible to treat diabetes in cats without insulin. Otherwise healthy cats with diabetes not previously treated with insulin may be suitable candidates for an oral medication called Bexacat (bexagliflozin tablets). Given once a day, it blocks the kidneys from reabsorbing glucose so that the glucose can leave the body when a cat urinates.

What Causes Low Glucose Levels in Cats?

There are many causes of low glucose or hypoglycemia in cats. Causes may include:

Too much insulin given. If your cat is treated for diabetes mellitus with insulin injections, it is possible that the dose of insulin could cause the glucose to drop too low. If your cat takes Bexacatthere is minimal risk of low blood sugar, and there are no dose changes during treatment.

Liver disease. Any liver problem can lower glucose because the liver is the main place where glucose is made.

Sepsis. An infection that has invaded the bloodstream and spread throughout the body will make cats very sick, reducing their appetite and thus their glucose. Also, the body is fighting off a serious infection and will use up the glucose your cat has more quickly.

Poor nutrition. This happens more often in very young kittens. If a kitten is sick or does not have ready access to food, their glucose can drop very quickly. This is due to having a liver less able to produce more glucose and having less glucose stored in the body. Adult cats would have to experience starvation for a long time for this to happen.

Symptoms of Low Glucose Levels in Cats

Cats with a sudden drop in glucose instead of a chronic drop are more likely to show symptoms, such as:

• Lack of appetite
• Clumsy, stumbling or uncoordinated
• Weakness
• Change in consciousness and responses (mental state)
• Vomiting and/or diarrhea
• Seizures

Treatment for Low Glucose Levels in Cats

Treatment for low glucose involves supportive care and treatment of the underlying problem. Cats with symptoms of hypoglycemia are very sick and require urgent treatment from a veterinary hospital. Often, the vet will give an injection of dextrose to increase blood glucose immediately, then they will do various tests to determine an underlying cause. If you are treating your cat for diabetes mellitus with insulin injections, corn syrup or honey can be applied to your cat’s gums before taking them directly to the vet.

How to Check a Cat’s Blood Sugar

There are several ways to control blood glucose in cats. Blood glucose varies or changes slightly each day. If your cat is stressed while measuring the blood glucose, the reading will be significantly changed. Therefore, no method of measuring blood glucose is completely accurate. Your vet will focus on assessing blood glucose along with any symptoms of too much or too little glucose.

Methods for controlling blood glucose in cats may include:

Glucometer. Similar to people with diabetes, cats can check their blood glucose at home or at the veterinary hospital with a very small drop of blood. In cats, the most common place to get blood is the edge of the earlobe, or pinna.

Fructosamine. Fructosamine is basically an average of blood glucose levels over the previous 2-3 weeks. Your vet will send this test to a lab if your cat has had a high blood glucose reading and they are trying to determine if your cat has diabetes.

Glucose curve. When cats are being treated for diabetes mellitus, it is important to record what the blood glucose is at the highest and lowest points of the day. A glucose reading is taken every 1-2 hours. This can be done at home or at the veterinary hospital, but doing it at home is preferable to limit your cat’s stress.

Continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMs). These devices are inserted under your cat’s skin and transmit the glucose measurement to a monitor outside the body.

How to Manage a Cat’s Glucose Levels

Pet parents can be proactive in ensuring the long-term health of their cats. To keep glucose in a normal range, maintain a healthy weight for your cat. If they start to gain weight, ask your vet how much you should feed your cat to maintain a healthy weight. Provide a quality cat food that is complete and balanced and limit treats, including human foods. As soon as your cat’s behavior or habits change, bring them to the vet. Treating any disease early will prevent your cat from developing severe changes in glucose.

References

1. Lowe, AD et al. “Clinical, clinicopathological and histological changes observed in 14 cats treated with glucocorticoids.” The Veterinary record Vol. 162.24 (2008): 777–83. doi:10.1136/vr.162.24.777
2. Khelik, Imal A et al. “Clinicopathological, hemodynamic, and echocardiographic effects of short-term oral administration of anti-inflammatory doses of prednisolone to systemically normal cats.” American Journal of Veterinary Research Vol. 80.8 (2019): 743-755. doi:10.2460/ajvr.80.8.743
3. Yi, Katarina C et al. “Effect of withholding food versus feeding on creatinine, symmetrical dimethylarginine, cholesterol, triglycerides and other biochemical analyzes in 100 healthy dogs.” Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine Vol. 37.2 (2023): 626-634. doi:10.1111/jvim.16630